Lectio divina about 5.1 to 12 Mt
Blessed are the poor in spirit
Invoking
O God, you promised to the poor and humble joy of your kingdom, is' the Church is not deceived by the powers of the world, but in the likeness of the gospel of small, follow with trust her husband and Lord, to experience the power of your Spirit. Amen.
Read
1 Seeing the crowds, he went up the mountain: he sat down and came to him and his disciples. 2 He began to speak and taught them, saying
3 "Blessed are the poor in spirit,
for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
4 Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted
.
5 Blessed are the meek,
they will inherit the earth.
6 Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, they shall be satisfied
.
7 Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy
.
8 Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God
9 Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of
10 God Blessed are the persecuted for righteousness, for theirs is
the kingdom of heaven.
11 Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you because of me. 12 Rejoice and be glad, because great is your reward in heaven. " For so they persecuted the prophets who were before you.
A moment of silent reflection so that the Word can enter into us and enlighten our lives.
useful steps to meditation
Es 22.25 to 27, 23.11, 19.9 to 10 Lv; Dt 15.7 to 11; Is 30.18; 61.1-3; 67,10.12 -13; Ps 85.15, 102.8; Thurs 4.2; Gl 2.13, 1 Jn 4:8,16; 13.17 Lk 1:48, 6:36-37; Sof 11.28 3.12 Gc 2.5 Mt 5.20, 11.29, Ephesians 2.14 to 17, 1 Peter 3.13-15, 4,14.
Understanding
This Sunday we are called to reflect on the beatitudes, as if to say that the first good news that the Lord Jesus gives us is happiness.
The Gospel of the Beatitudes is the first part of the "Sermon on the Mount." The mountain is the place of revelation, both for the glorious transfiguration of Jesus, for his word, the mountain also has a more specific meaning: it does remind us of the Sinai, the mountain of the promulgation of the law and the conclusion of the alliance. Matthew offers Jesus as the new Moses and his word is the word of life, and new laws ("But I tell you ..") does not abolish the old, but brings it to fulfillment. All the great Sermon on the Mount traces the path of a disciple in the footsteps of the Kingdom. The Beatitudes constitute the starting point of amazing, "scandalous", but also comforting. While we wonder what to do, Jesus shows us first of all what God does, he invites us to open our eyes to gaze upon the arrival in the kingdom of heaven and be amazed by his coming.
We read the Beatitudes as the commitments that we have asked, but first as part of a spiritual portrait of Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth. It is a reading in the ancient Christian tradition, it dates back at least to Origen says: "The Beatitudes are the image of Jesus, so many icons of the spiritual figure of Jesus." So if one wants to understand who Jesus is can read any Gospel, can look on his face from these perspectives, what Jesus was, because it is communicated to the believer in turn himself alive. God took the initiative to establish his Kingdom: before we act, we are called to welcome him.
Meditation
vv. 1-2: Seeing the crowds, he went up the mountain: he sat down and came to him and his disciples. He began to speak and taught them. We have a people represented in these verses from the crowd and the disciples who make listeners. The site is down a mountain from which the Word of God. From this place Jesus show himself to everyone with his talk and teach. The mention of the
crowds at the beginning (5.1) and at the end (7:28-29) is the frame of the speech to the education provided by Jesus to Israel. Does this indicate a potential multitude of disciples, to whom the church is sent on a mission to bring the teaching of Jesus (cf. Mt 28.19-29). In fact, the teaching of speech is not intended only for the small group of disciples, who in any case are not necessarily the "twelve apostles". The place in fact, has a more theological significance as topographic Luke does. The Mount of the Beatitudes is the echo and the fullness of Mount Sinai is the place of divine revelation [cf. vocation of Moses at Horeb (Ex 3.1 ss) delivery of the Law at Sinai (Ex 19.1 ss), the sacrifice of Caramel (1 Kings 18.20 ff); Elijah at Horeb (1 Kings 19.1 ff), the transfiguration (Mt 17.1 to 8), the apparition of the Risen One to his disciples (Mt 28.16 ).
Jesus sits on this mountain (this is the position of the master and his word has an authoritative tone) and opens her mouth to teach. The verb "to teach" (edidasken) in Matthew is used exclusively in this speech, here and in 7.29. The speech is also wisdom in the formula, which refers to Ps 77.2 (cf. Acts 8.35, 10.34), is a teaching, technical term to indicate that Jesus is the authorized interpreter of the Word of God in scripture TA
v. 3: Blessed the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. think of this before happiness as a fundamental attitude to welcome the Kingdom. There is in this verse is an example of how to deal with God makes us a better understanding of the interdenominational Bible: "Blessed are those who are poor before God," indicating that those who in life have learned to rely only on God
"The poor in spirit" are the people who are placed before God as beggars, the needy, who know they need Him, to depend entirely on Him We can define the attitude of faith that is not doing anything but is ready to receive anything, is put as a record of his life to the initiative of God and not our abilities, not the affirmation of ourselves, even as a spiritual statement, but rather the willingness to receive grace and the gift of God .
v. 4: Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. The background of this verse is Isaiah 61.2-3, where the prophet's mission is to comfort all who mourn in Zion. To these Jesus promises comfort (cf. Lk 2:25), indeed he himself will wipe away their tears (Rev 7.17, which quotes Isaiah 25.8, Rev. 21:4). The weeping, are primarily those who suffer from the obstacles World fulfillment of God's will for salvation (cf. Luke 4.16-22; Is 61.1-6), then an attitude that man chooses himself faced with the reality of society and the world, where Christ, God , God's justice and love that comes from Christ make the figure of the great absent. It is not possible for the disciple to rejoice when there is injustice, oppression, falsehood and hypocrisy when it seems that God is excluded from human society and values \u200b\u200bthat build it.
v. 5: Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. are shooting here the words of the Psalmist: "But the meek shall inherit the land and enjoy great prosperity [peace]" (Ps 37.11). The Hebrew word for "meek" is 'anawim, a little' see resume 3. These are not timid, but the very poor in spirit that they accept without bitterness or resentment of their condition and find strength and serenity in a courageous endurance (cf. Ps 37,7-9.11.29.40).
In language and in the context of the Gospel, the earth, is the promised land. But the word "land" means now the kingdom of heaven, or the new way of living, according to the spirit of God that Jesus announced and inaugurated.
"The land, which is always of God must be lived as a gift and shared administrative layer in justice and brotherhood, God's gift to the people, to live without violence, gentleness, peace and mutual hospitality. This is the only way to possess it with confidence and result in peace. The violence has not really land, because his threat back on him and denies him the security.
myths not only can "inherit" the land, stay there safe without violence, but are only able to transmit in turn inherit the earth receives.
v. 6: Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied. Hunger and thirst, in the Bible (Isaiah 55.1-2, Ps 42.2-3) indicate a tendency to God and longing for him. The two verbs in a metaphorical sense can express a strong desire for God and His Word: "My soul thirsts for God, the living God ..." (Ps 42.3), "O God, thou art my God, I seek, is thirsting for you my soul, to My body pines for you like dry, weary land without water "(Ps 63.2);" The days are coming, says the Lord - that will send a famine in the country, not hunger for bread nor thirst for water, but of hearing the word of the Lord "(Amos 8:11). The Psalmist describes
(Sal 107,5.8-9) as God has satisfied the hunger and thirst of the Israelites. Matthew has expanded the source Q (Lk 6:21) by adding the "thirst" (according to Psalm 107) and "justice" (to clarify the nature of hunger and thirst). The Justice referred first the righteousness of God, but also to human relationships and behavior. In a context of apocalyptic justice refers to the vindication of the righteous at the Last Judgement. In the Sermon on the Mount do justice - to do the will of the Father (Matthew 7:21) - do these words (Matthew 7:24), designate the same reality, that human action is necessary to enter the kingdom of heaven. This action must follow the right rules (do justice), which are determined by God (the Father's will do) and are authoritatively communicated by Jesus (see my words). The last step of the Sermon on the Mount, which speaks of "justice" is Mt 6:33: "Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness and all these things shall be added to you 'is opposed to the anxious search of food, drink and dress, the necessary and essential concern: the Kingdom of God! The Kingdom of God must be the highest good, and the right to do (justice) is the prerequisite for entrance into that Kingdom.
v. 7: Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. For the Bible "merciful" is typically a divine name, the "mercy" is a characteristic of God is merciful in greek hoi eleèmones imitating God knows that those who understand and forgive the forthcoming second commitment Gospel that we repeat the Our Father (cf. Mt 6,11-12.14-15). The background is Prov 14:21; 17.5 (LXX), where the "blessing" is the reward for the kindness shown to the poor.
This "mercy" attributed to God includes the forgiveness of shortcomings, the forgiveness of sins, which in turn want to - God - to see the compassion practiced by men.
v. 8: Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God In the Bible the heart is not only the "place" of feeling, but indicates the decisions and life. There, each discovers himself and his own identity, each person decides for himself there, in his relationship with others, with the world and with good heart God makes everything good man, bad heart makes it bad.
The term 'pure heart' is neither a reference to sexual or ritual purity or sincerity, but characterized by honest people whose moral integrity extend to their inner being and whose actions are consistent with the intentions.
Purity of heart is the inner purity with which the person makes decisions that are correct and not distorted by his interest or his whim or its superficiality.
What made impure and corrupt, are not material things, but sin is not what comes into contact with the man from the outside, but from what determine the personal behavior of each. "Everything that enters a man from outside can not defile," because it enters the stomach, not the soul. "What comes out, this defiles a man. For from within, from men's hearts, come evil thoughts, fornication, theft, murder, adultery, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lewdness, envy, slander, pride, foolishness. All these evil things come from within and defile a man "(Mk 7,18.20-22).
From the inner, spiritual dimension of man, from his soul and his heart desires and derive good or bad actions. If you are evil corrupts the whole person: it is bad inside, where he designed and desired evil, and evil is outside, where he behaves badly and hurts others. So the heart, the center of the person, position in a positive or negative whole person.
v. 9: Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God Together with that of the merciful, this is the only bliss that does not say as much as necessary "to be" (poor, afflicted, meek, pure in heart), what do you have to "do". The word in greek means those who work for peace, that "make peace". Not so, however, in the sense that you reconcile with your enemies, As in the sense that help to reconcile enemies. "These are people who love peace very much, so do not be afraid to compromise his personal peace by intervening in conflicts in order to bring peace between those who are divided" (Dupont)
"the peacemakers" are therefore not lovers the quiet life but the active agents of peace, acting as God, because God is the God of peace (Romans 16:20). The real "peacemaker" is God himself. This is why those who strive for peace are called "sons of God": Why look like him, imitate him and do what he does means that peace is above all a gift to welcome! Consequently, the peace is a task! It is not, however, to invent or create peace, but to transmit it, let God's peace "which surpasses all understanding" (Phil 4:7), leaving to watch over the hearts and minds in Christ Jesus.
v. 10: Blessed are the persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. "Blessed are the persecuted, those who get pain from the outside, from others and covering the same perspective of the kingdom.
Bliss, refers to those persecuted for Jesus, for the name of Jesus, for the sake of the Gospel. Think of the first persecutions that are triggered in respect of the apostles. These are persecution for the sake of the Gospel. The evangelist, in fact, taking the fourth beatitude, giving the reasons for this persecution "for righteousness" that best completes the following verse: "Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you because of me "(Mt 5:11).
In this persecution we find ourselves all the times that we must uphold the dignity of being Christians in the work, all those times that we should bear persecution less serious, because we proclaim the name of Jesus
In Mt 10:22 we read: "You will be hated by all because of my name" and in Mt 10:39: "Who loses his life for my sake shall find it. "
vv. 11-12: Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you because of me. Rejoice and be glad, for great is your reward in heaven. is the eighth and early ninth beatitude already deviates from its previous length and use the second person plural ("you") also came from the tradition in Matthew (cf. Lk 6 22-23), but not back to Jesus, but to the community, which has coined by him from the bliss reserved for the afflicted. Bliss is
for people who are insulted just like Jesus on the Cross. It is addressed directly to Christians who suffer persecution because of their faith in Jesus is for them a great reward in heaven, which is identified with the full communion with God (cf. 1 Pet 4.13 to 16) and participation in the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, the Son of God
The Gospel in the thinking of the Church Fathers
Who can rejoice with joy proper to the vision in front of your almighty sovereignty? So really blessed are the pure in heart: for they will see with the eye of you, that six in every way eminently spiritual joy! - And rejoice exultantly, full of irresistible impulses of passionate love, often while struggling against difficulties and suffer physical assaults demonic (Callisto Catafyghiota, The divine union ).
All the beatitudes that Jesus spoke in the Gospel, are confirmed by his example, and he justifies his teaching, through their own testimony. In itself, therefore, the Lord manifested all the Beatitudes (Origen, Treatise on the Gospel of Luke ).
"Everyone wants to be blessed. Who - though - is poor in spirit?" In celebration of this holy virgin
, who gave witness to Christ and that he deserved, killed in public and crowned in secret, Charity taught you with the exhortation that the Lord says in his Gospel, proclaiming many causes of future happiness, no one says he does not want. In truth, there those who do not want to be blessed. But men do not ricusino to submit the required conditions, as well as wishing to receive the stipulated reward! Non-runners quickly when he is told: You will be blessed? Play with pleasure, and when it is said: If you did this, not rejects the commitment, if you aspire to the premium, and turns on a soul alacrity `s all` work with the help of a reward. What we want what we want, what we ask, will be on: what, on the contrary, we are instructed to do, in view of what will come next, it is now. Here, he began to meditate upon those divine precepts and weights including gospel: "Blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the kingdom of heaven" (Mt 5:3). Then, the kingdom of heaven is yours, now, be poor in spirit. Want
after the kingdom of heaven is yours? Watch for who you are now. Be poor in spirit. Maybe get to know it means to be poor in spirit? Who is superb is not poor in spirit, then the `poor and humble spirit. Alto is the kingdom of heaven, "but he who humbles himself will be exalted" (Luke 14:11).
"Who is mild?" Be careful what follows: "Blessed," he adds, "the meek, they shall inherit the earth "(Matt. 5:5). Now you want to own land: bay, however, not to be possessed by the earth. shall inherit the meek will possess the no-mite. And when you listen to the award and promised that who owned the land, not dilate the womb of `greed, with which you wish to own land now, even with the exclusion of your neighbor: I will not deceive such an opinion. possess the land only when they joined to Him who made heaven and the earth. This fact means to be meek, not resist your God, that in what you do good, and he likes you but yourself, in that while the just suffer wrong, he is not to displease, but rather yourself. It is not small thing if you try to please him displeasure; displease him, however, willing to yourself.
"Those who weep." Fa `attention to the third:" Blessed are they that mourn, for they shall be comforted "(Matt. 5:4). In the mourning is the commitment, the reward in the consolation. In fact, those who mourn carnally, what consolation do they have? Feared harassment. Will be consoled those who weep, if not afraid to cry again. For example, the child died while giving saddens joy born: that is taken away, this is accepted, what is sadness in this fear: so it is in no consolation.
So true consolation will be that which is given and can not be removed, so that those who like to be consoled after, now crying from pilgrims.
"The hungry". And here's the fourth, work and service: "Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied" (Mt 5:6). You want to be satisfied. Donde? If you crave the fullness of flesh - a digested satiety -, returns to being hungry. "` Who drinks of this water will again be thirsty "(Jn 4:13), he says. The medicine that is applied to a wound, it hurts the most, it managed to heal, however, that applies to hunger, as bait, resolves little. In fact, increased satiety, hunger returns. Daily arrival because the remedy of satisfaction, but it is not healed the wound of `illness. We are hungry then, and saziamoci of justice, that justice can be satisfied by it, which we have hunger and thirst. We actually filled of what we hunger and thirst. Our inner man is hungry and thirsty, he does have his food and his drink. "I am", he explains, "the Bread which came down from heaven" (Jn 6:41). Now that you have the bread of the hungry ', also want the drink `s thirst:" For with thee is the fountain of life "(Ps 35.10).
"The merciful." Now, careful as to what he says: "Blessed are the merciful, for them God will have mercy" (Mt 5:7). It is will be done: it `with the` other, to be made you. In fact, you may abound and defects: abundance of temporal things, defects of the eternal. Plays the beggar, and you yourself beggar asks you to God, and ask in return. And how you act with your applicants, so God will act with her. Are full and empty at once: fill the void of thy fullness, so that you emptiness be filled with the fullness of God
"The pure in heart." Listen to what follows: "Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God" (Mt 5:8). This is the end of our love, the purpose for which it perfects us, so we consume. We end the food, we end the dress: the food, because eating is consumed, the dress, because you end up [is accomplished] weaving. And this and that is said also that ends, but this view tends to drink, that to perfection. Whatever we do, or do well, we advocate, commendably warm us, innocent desire, when it came to the vision of God, not searches. What to look for in fact the one to whom God is present? Or what will be enough to one to whom God is not enough? We want to see God, ask to see God, ardiamo by a desire to see God Who `s not right? But, look what it says: "Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God." This prepares you to see. In fact, to speak after the flesh, what would you want the sunrise with bleary eyes? Have healthy eyes, and that light will be a joy are not healthy eyes, that light will be a torment. You will not be allowed to see it with non-pure heart, because you do not see that with a pure heart. Is rejected, you will be removed, you will not see. "Blessed", in fact, "the pure in heart, for they shall see God."
How blessed I have enumerated? What causes happiness, what works, what duties, such as merit, such as prizes? It is not mentioned anywhere. "They will see God Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are the meek: inherit the earth. Blessed are they that mourn: they will be comforted. Blessed are those who hunger and thirst dclla justice will be satisfied. Blessed i mercy: mercy. "Nowhere is this: They will see God but you arrive to the pure in heart, behold, here is the vision of God's promises
" In that sense, the vision of God has specifically promised to the pure in heart " . So, do not you meant those precepts and those prizes in the sense that listening to: "Blessed are the pure in heart: for they shall see God, you believe that the poor in spirit will not see or will not see are the meek, or those who mourn or those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, or are the merciful. does not argue that, since they see as pure of heart, those are separate from the vision. All these things are in fact common to them all. They will, however, not see specifically for this and that is why the poor in spirit, for mild, or because they mourn, who hunger and thirst for righteousness, or because they are merciful, but also because they are pure of heart. So that, if certain structures are suited to certain body parts of the body, so that we can say, for example: "Blessed are those who can walk, why walk: blessed are those who have their hands, because they are, blessed are those who have voice, and shouted: blessed are those who mouth and tongue, for I will speak: blessed are those who have eyes can see why so? Thus, members of composing almost spiritual, he [Jesus] taught what is related to one another in connection with the `. `Humility is suitable for the kingdom of heaven, meekness likely to own land, suitable for hunger and thirst for justice to be satisfied, which would beg for mercy mercy, suitable for a pure heart see God (Augustine, Sermo 53, 1-6.9 )
Some questions for personal reflection and comparison
Into which of the nine beatitudes resemble more?
What is that I am easily? And what is that instead of inviting me to grow, it asks me to try, that challenges me to change?
Praying
Lord Jesus Christ, our unparalleled Master, thou hast taught us the Beatitudes, is' that they remain etched in our hearts.
Give us a heart of poor,
not look for earthly goods
and aspire only to own you.
A heart full of longing for heavenly things,
dissatisfied with the joys of this world.
A mild and gentle heart that renounces violence, and bear witness to all
humble host.
a heart hungry and thirsty for righteousness and holiness,
that has no other desire than to do what you want.
Give us a merciful heart,
ready to raise up others and help them in their difficulties.
a pure heart, detached from the passions and vices,
sincere and clear in the love that brings you.
A heart filled with love of peace,
care to address the disputes and to spread peace.
A brave heart under trial,
happy to offer his pain.
A heart stopped, ready to face persecution,
to remain united to you, faithful unto death.
Fa 'of our hearts Thy kingdom
realm of goodness, holiness, true happiness.
contemplative act
Let us be enlightened by the Word of God and try to find listed in our lives the Beatitudes from Matthew. Let us find out if our life is a gift of love according to the ideal of the Beatitudes.